After nine months in space, NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are finally back on Earth, but their return has sparked new discussions about the effects of long-term space travel. Before and after photos of the pair reveal noticeable changes, with many observers pointing out their frail appearances and difficulty standing upon landing. Their extended time in microgravity has taken a visible toll, despite their rigorous exercise regimen while aboard the International Space Station.
The most immediate impact of their return was their inability to walk, as they had to be carried away on stretchers after splashdown. Experts explain that prolonged exposure to weightlessness causes muscle atrophy and a loss of bone density, even with daily physical activity. Other potential issues include fluid buildup in the head, which can lead to blurry vision, a condition known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). Some astronauts also experience dizziness and nausea as their bodies readjust to gravity.
Beyond physical changes, cognitive effects are also a concern. The stress of an extended mission, coupled with disrupted sleep and shifts in brain pressure, can lead to slower reaction times and mental fatigue. While many of these symptoms improve over time, some effects—particularly those related to vision and bone density—can be permanent. Scientists will closely monitor Wilmore and Williams in the coming months to assess their recovery.
Despite these challenges, NASA remains optimistic. Most astronauts return to near-normal fitness levels within 45 days, though full recovery can take months or even years. For now, Wilmore and Williams will undergo extensive medical testing as they begin adjusting back to life on Earth—one step at a time.
Image Credits: NASA
